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CUFONSM 4602d AISS UNIT HISTORY SAMPLER
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CUFONSM 4602d AISS UNIT HISTORY SAMPLER
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A SAMPLER OF ITEMS FROM THE UNIT HISTORY OF
{Unnumbered Cover Page} SQ. GUIDE 200-2 UFOB GUIDE { Representation of a Bohr atom: nucleus = a dot } 4602d AISS ================================================================ {Unnumbered Title Page} SQ. GUIDE 200-2 UFOB GUIDE {March 1955}
4602d Air Intelligence Service Squadron ================================================================ {Page ii} Squadron Guide Hq 4602d A I S S FOREWORD 1. Purpose a. To combine into a single Squadron publication all directives from higher
headquarters b. To establish procedures for the evaluation and reporting of UFOB's by
elements of the c. To provide guides for use in the conduct of UFOB investigations by
elements of the 4602d 2. Scope All investigation and reporting of UFOB's by elements of the 4602d AISS will be governed by the provisions of this Guide. All previous instructions issued by Hq 4602d AISS on this subject are hereby rescinded. 3. Recommendations All elements of the 4602d AISS are encouraged to submit comments and suggestions for the improvement of the Squadron UFOB program. 4. Changes Changes to this Guide will be published in accordance with the change system used for all Squadron publications. Changes will be filed in the front of the Guide after the necessary annotations have been made. BY ORDER OF THE COMMANDER RAY L. JONES /s/ ii ================================================================ {Page iii} Squadron Guide 200-2 15 March 1955 Distribution: 4602d AISS Flights and Detachments 1 (Additional copies are available on request) Guide ================================================================ {Page iv} Squadron Guide 200-2 15 March 1955
Guide ================================================================ {Page v} Squadron Guide 200-2 15 March 1955 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Guide ================================================================ {Page 1} Squadron Guide 200-2 15 March 1955 PART I DIRECTIVES 1. Directives of Higher Headquarters The directives of higher headquarters pertaining to UFOB's form the basis 2. Current Publications a. AFR 200-2 12 August 1954 Guide ================================================================ {Unnumbered Blank Page} This page will be removed and Cross reference to the new location ================================================================ {Unnumbered Blank Page} This page will be removed and Cross reference to the new location ================================================================ {Unnumbered Page} This page will be removed and Cross reference to the new location ================================================================ {Page 2} Squadron Guide 200-2 15 March 1955 PART II THE PRELIMINARY REPORT 1. Responsibility for Preparation The responsibility for preliminary report preparation is set forth in AFR 200-2. Field units of the 4602s AISS are responsible for the preparation of preliminary reports only when they receive the initial notification of UFOB sighting from a non-Air Force source. In some cases they may also be called upon to assist an ADC element, in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 3a (2), ADCR 200-7. The 4602d recipient of the initial notification of the sighting should make every attempt to obtain all the information required by paragraph 7d, AFR 200-2. 2. Content All information relative to the UFOB will be reported, in accordance with the format set forth in paragraph 7d, AFR 200-2. 3. Differentiation between "Unknowns" and "UFOB's" "Unknowns (unknown aircraft)" within the air defense system -- e.g., ADJZ violations -- should not form the basis of a preliminary report. Normally, ADC elements will screen out such unknowns from the UFOB reporting process, as part of their routine Air Defense functions. Flying objects unknown to their observers to be aircraft, however, should become the basis for a preliminary report, and 4602d elements receiving such initial information should file a preliminary report. 4. Necessity for Filing Neither the identification of a UFOB (as distinguished from a unknown" in the Air Defense System), nor the evaluation of information gained in the initial notification, prior to the preparation of the preliminary report, will result in a failure to file a preliminary report. Preliminary reports form the basis for the statistical analyses of UFOB's required of ATIC by USAF and they must all, therefore, be turned in, regardless of whether or not the objects are identified. 5. Delay in Filing The 72-hour period immediately following the sighting of a UFOB is the critical period for investigative efforts. During this period, the event is still fresh in the minds of the observers, most of the observers can still be found, and this is the best period or contacting the many outside agencies and persons who can be of possible assistance in identifying the object. Delay in the filing of the preliminary report can Guide ================================================================ {Page 3} Squadron Guide 200-2 15 March 1955 THE PRELIMINARY REPORT (continued. therefore the determining factor in whether or not a sighting is identified as a known object. All preliminary reports should be immediately transmitted by electrical means, unless the information is already over 72 hours old at the time of receipt, in which case the report will be prepared on AF Form 112. 6. A sample electrical preliminary report is attached hereto. Guide ================================================================ {Unnumbered Page} SAMPLE TELETYPE MESSAGE: PRELIMINARY REPORT 3TP P001 ================================================================ {Unnumbered Page} 4. A. 031812Z ================================================================ {Page 4} Squadron Guide 200-2 15 March 1955 PART III OPERATIONAL CONTROL 1. Approval of Headquarters Field units will obtain prior approval from Headquarters 4602d AISS prior to conducting either a preliminary or a follow-up investigation of a UFOB. Investigations may be conducted without prior approval if circumstances require immediate action; in such cases, the Commander of the 4602d AISS will be notified as soon as possible of the action taken. 2. Electrical Reports Under the provisions of ADCR 200-7, field units of the 4602d will receive copies of the electrical reports forwarded to Air Division Commanders, in accordance with paragraph 7, AFR 200-2. Copies of such reports will also be received at Headquarters 4602d. All electrical reports will be evaluated at Squadron Headquarters and, when appropriate, field units will be directed to conduct follow-up investigations. 3. Preliminary reports on Form 112 Preliminary reports prepared on AF Form 112 and received at Headquarters ADC will be forwarded to Commander 4602d, for appropriate action. If, on the basis of the evaluation of the report, it is determined that a follow-up investigation is necessary, the appropriate field unit will be notified and furnished the information contained in the preliminary report. 4. Air Technical Intelligence Center In the event ATIC desires specific information to aid in their evaluation of a UFOB report and this information can be furnished by a field unit of the 4602d without involving travel, ATIC may contact the appropriate unit directly. In case ATIC desires further information the supplying of which would necessitate travel by a 4602d unit, approval of the Commander, 4602d AISS, is required. Guide ================================================================ {Page 5} Squadron Guide 200-2 15 March 1955 PART IV THE INVESTIGATIVE PROCESS 1. Evaluation of the Preliminary Report a. All preliminary reports will be evaluated by Headquarters 4602d AISS in order to determine what further action, if any, is to be taken. The evaluation is conducted by the Operations section at Headquarters. b. The preliminary report format requires certain basic information about every UFOB sighting. Analysis of this information will usually suggest one or more hypotheses as to the cause or explanation for a sighting. These hypotheses are expressed in terms of known objects or phenomena. The determination as to whether or not further investigation is warranted by 4602d field units hinges primarily on the question of whether such investigative efforts will adduce more evidence which will either tend to support or negate the hypotheses suggested by the contents of the preliminary report. c. Theoretically, every UFOB sighting should be followed up by further investigation. The limitations necessitated by budget problems, lack of personnel, and improbability of investigative return, however, preclude this possibility. The ATIC Guide, Part I, attached hereto, attempts to supply some of the criteria for the selection of those cases warranting follow-up investigation by 4602d field units. Although the Guide is of primary interest to Headquarters, it should be studied by all personnel interested in gaining a better understanding of the Squadron UFOB program. d. One other fact enters into the evaluation stage --namely, the Squadron field investigative functions for CONAD, in CONAD's concern with possible threats to the security of the United States and its forces. Many sightings which would be of no further interest from primarily a UFOB standpoint -- e.g., a sighting which in the preliminary report itself is already unquestionably established as the dropping of aircraft flares -- may bear further looking into from a security viewpoint. In such cases, follow-up action by 4602d units could be instituted in furtherance of CONAD desires, even though the UFOB aspects would otherwise be considered closed. 2. Conduct of the Follow-up Investigation Guide ================================================================ {Page 6} Squadron Guide 200-2 15 March 1955 THE INVESTIGATIVE PROCESS (continued) conduct only limited inquiry for the purpose of acquiring specific items of information. The transmission of specific item information will generally be handled informally by telephone or teletype. Headquarters will in all cases make the final decision as to the type of report required. b. Elements of the Squadron are authorized direct contact with any person or agency for the purpose of gathering information in connection with the investigation of a UFOB. Contact may be made by any means -- in person, mail, telephone. Judicious use of mail and telephone is encouraged and may result in savings of both time and money to the government. c. The investigator must follow a logical, systematic process of investigation. The process, in its methodology at least, should resemble that of a true scientific inquiry. You are striving, in your investigative efforts, to test all possible hypotheses as to the identity of, or explanation for, the phenomenon which resulted in the sighting. Unlike the results of a true controlled scientific analysis, your efforts will only rarely achieve a positive identification of the phenomenon. In most cases, however, if you have truly exhausted all possible lines of inquiry, the preponderance of the evidence which you have adduced will tend to support one hypothesis to the exclusion of the others, with the result that you can gain a conviction as to the probable identification of the phenomenon which caused the sighting. There will be cases, of course, where the evidence remains inconsistent and contradictory, despite your best efforts to resolve the conflict, and such cases will have to be considered unsolved. d. The Squadron is charged, in follow-up investigations, with exhaustion of investigative effort. That means that every conceivable hypothesis applicable to the phenomenon will be tested by all available means. In addition to interviewing all sources, all other agencies whose facilities can possible contribute to an analysis of the phenomenon will be visited. The list of Possible Sources of Information in the Conduct of UFOB Investigations, attached hereto, gives some suggestions as to the types of agencies with information of value to a UFOB investigation. e. The ATIC Guide, Part II, attached hereto, sets up the principal identification criteria for the phenomena which most often result in UFOB sightings. The letter from ATIC dated 15 February 1955, subject: "Evaluation of Unidentified Flying Objects," also attached hereto, further clarifies ATIC policy concerning the considering of UFOB cases as solved. f. The attitude of 4602d personnel conducting a UFOB investigation should at all times reflect consideration, courtesy, and particularly Guide ================================================================ {Page 7} Squadron Guide 200-2 15 March 1955 THE INVESTIGATIVE PROCESS (continued) with respect to civilian interviewees. The people reporting these sightings are for the most part conscientious public-spirited citizens trying to perform what they consider a public service. That they are often untrained observers in no way derogates from the generosity and the civic-mindedness of their willingness to give their time and assistance. g. In no case will any investigator take any action which is not within the purview of his authority. Detention or arrest of private citizens for any purpose, for example, constitutes action which is unconnected with the processes of UFOB investigation and which goes beyond the purview of the military authority of 4602d investigators. 3. Preparation of AF Form 112 a. All Forms 112 prepared by 4602d units will be mailed to Commander 4602d, for review, comment, reproduction and distribution. b. U S Air Force Technical Information Sheet, Form A, attached hereto, should be used as a guide for the interviewing of sources. Additional forms indicated in the ATIC publication "How to Make Flyobrpts" will be used where applicable, but instructions in that manual in conflict with instructions in this Guide will be disregarded. The information compiled from the use of all these forms will be included in the Form 112 in summarized form. In no case will the forms themselves be incorporated into, or completely copied into, the 112 report. c. Photographs will be collected and submitted in accordance with paragraph 8, AFR 200-2. d. Other types of physical evidence will be sent to Commander, Air Technical Intelligence Center, Wright-Patterson AFB, Attention: ATIAE-, by the most expeditious means available. The evidence will be accompanied by a cover letter which gives reference to the UFOB number, its sighting location and the Greenwich date-time group. The Form 112 which is prepared later will reflect the fact that the inclosures were sent in advance, under separate cover. e. The Form 112 report of a follow-up investigation will contain a complete report of all information collected about the sighting, including the information in the preliminary report. the final Part of the report will contain the conclusions of the Preparing Officer as to the explanation of the sighting and the reasoning behind the conclusions. Guide ================================================================ {Page 8} Squadron Guide 200-2 15 March 1955 f. The sample annotated format of a Form 112, attached hereto, will serve as a guide for the special preparation of the form when used for the reporting of UFOB's. Guide ================================================================ {Unnumbered Title (cover) Page} UFOB GUIDE This guide is designed for use in determining the feasibility of follow-up investigation of Unidentified Flying Object reportsand in identifying the objects or phenomena concerned. AIR TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE CENTER {handwritten:} ================================================================ { Unnumbered Page 1} PART I FOLLOW-UP INVESTIGATIONS GENERAL An UFOB report is worthy of follow-up investigation when it contains information to suggest that a positive identification with a well known phenomenon may be made or when it characterizes an unusual phenomenon. The report should suggest almost immediately, largely by the coherency and clarity of the data, that there is something of identification value and/or scientific value. In general, reports which should be given consideration are those which involve several reliable observers, together or separately, and which concern sightings of greater duration than one quarter minute. Exception should be made to this when circumstances attending the report are considered to be extraordinary. Special attention should be given to reports which give promise of a "fix" on the position and to those reports involving trajectories. RULES OF THUMB Every UFOB case should be judged individually but there are a number of "rules of thumb," under each of the following headings, which should prove helpful in determining the necessity for follow-up investigation. 1. Duration of Sighting When the duration of a sighting is less than 15 seconds, the probabilities are great that it is not worthy of follow-up. As a word of caution, however, should a large number of individual observers concur ================================================================ {Page 2} on an unusual sighting of a few seconds duration, it should not be dismissed. When a sighting has covered just a few seconds, the incident, when followed-up in the past, has almost always proved to be meteor or a gross misidentification of a common object owing to the lack of time in which to observe. 2. Number of Persons Reporting the Sighting Short duration sightings by single individuals are seldom worthy of follow-up. Two or three competent independent observations carry the weight of 10 or more simultaneous individual observations. As an example, 25 people at one spot may observe a strange light in the sky. This, however, has less weight than two reliable people observing the same light from different locations. In the later case a position-fix is indicated. 3. Distance from Location of Sighting to Nearest Field Unit Reports which meet the preliminary criterion stated above should all be investigated if their occurrence is in the immediate operating vicinity of the squadron concerned. For reports involving greater distances, follow-up necessity might be judged as being inversely proportional to the square of the distances concerned. For example, an occurrence 150 miles away might be considered to have four times the importance (other things being equal) than one that is 300 miles away. 2 ================================================================ {Page 3} . Reliability of Person or Persons Reporting In establishing the necessity of follow-up investigation only "short term" reliability of individuals can be employed. Short term reliability is judged from the logic and coherency of the original report and by the age and occupation of the person. Particular attention should be given to whether the occupation involves observation reporting or technical knowledge. 5. Number of Individual Sightings Reported Two completely individual sightings, especially when separated by a mile or more constitutes sufficient cause for follow-up, assuming previous criterion have not been violated. 6. The Value of Obtaining Additional Information Immediately. If the information cannot be obtained within seven days, the value of such information is greatly decreased. It is of great value to obtain additional information immediately if previously stated criteria have been met. Often, if gathered quickly, two or three items (weather conditions, angular speed, changes in trajectory, duration, etc.) are sufficient for immediate evaluation. If investigation is undertaken after weeks or months the original observers cease to be of value as far as additional new information is concerned. Generally, later interrogation yields only bare repetition of facts originally reported plus an inability on the part of the observer to be objective. 7. Existence of Evidence (Photographs, Material, Hardware) In cases where any physical evidence exists, a follow-up should 3 ================================================================ {Page 4} be made if some of the above criteria have not been met. CONCLUSION - Part I It is understood that all above criteria must be evaluated in terms of "common sense." The original report, from its wording and clarity will almost always suggest to the reader whether there is any "paydirt" in the report. 4 ================================================================
{ Unnumbered First Page of a 6-(actual) page report spread over } AF FORM 112 UNCLASSIFIED I. CONTENTS: [7] PART ONE: Description of sighting by Mr. Andrew B. Carver. xxxx PART TWO: Description of sighting by Mrs. Helen C. Carver. xxxx PART THREE: Supplementary Investigative Efforts PART FOUR: Comments of Preparing Officer II. SUMMARY: xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xx III. INVESTIGATIONS: CAPT JAMES Q. SMITH AO 123456 JAMES Q. SMITH APPROVED: JOHN M. WHITE, JR. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT 50 U.S.C. 31 AND 32 AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW. IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF INTELLIGENCE, USAF. UNCLASSIFIED ================================================================ AF FORM 112 - PART II UNCLASSIFIED AIR INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION REPORT ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. SOURCE: Andrew B Carver Address: xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxx Age: xx Occupation: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Education: xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx Qualifications: GOC Observer for three years xxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx II. RELIABILITY: xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxx III. SOURCE'S DESCRIPTION OF SIGHTING: xxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxx Xxxx xxxx xxx xx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx
2 Incls: [8] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT 50 U.S.C. 31 AND 32 AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW. IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF INTELLIGENCE, USAF. UNCLASSIFIED ================================================================ AF FORM 112 - PART II UNCLASSIFIED AIR INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION REPORT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ I. SOURCE: Helen C. Carver Address: xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxx Age: xx Occupation: xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx Education: xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx Qualifications: xxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx II. RELIABILITY: xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxx III. SOURCE'S DESCRIPTION OF SIGHTING: xxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxx Xxxx xxxx xxx xx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx
2 Incls: [8] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT 50 U.S.C. 31 AND 32 AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW. IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF INTELLIGENCE, USAF. UNCLASSIFIED ================================================================ AF FORM 112 - PART II UNCLASSIFIED AIR INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION REPORT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ I. SOURCE: Helen C. Carver Address: xxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxx Age: xx Occupation: xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx Education: xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx Qualifications: xxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx I. RELIABILITY: xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxx III. SOURCE'S DESCRIPTION OF SIGHTING: xxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxx Xxxx xxxx xxx xx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx --------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT 50 U.S.C. 31 AND 32 AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW. IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF INTELLIGENCE, USAF. UNCLASSIFIED ================================================================ AF FORM 112 - PART II UNCLASSIFIED AIR INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION REPORT ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- SUPPLEMENTARY INVESTIGATIVE EFFORTS: [10] 1. A check with the Hamilton Flight Service Center was made by Det. 1. 4602d AISS, for aircraft in the area at the time of the sighting. Negative results. 2. The Stella Planetarium was contacted xxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xx. Dr. Howard E. Jones, Resident Astronomer, has the following comments: "xxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxx 3. The information received from the Weather field Weather Bureau indicated that: a. xxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxx b. xxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxx 4. The 1234th ACW Det indicated that xxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxx xxxx 1 Inclosure: [8] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT 50 U.S.C. 31 AND 32 AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW. IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF INTELLIGENCE, USAF. UNCLASSIFIED ================================================================ AF FORM 112 - PART II UNCLASSIFIED AIR INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION REPORT ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Inclosure to part Three: [8] Sketch of course of Planet Venus, drawn by Dr. Howard E. Jones
( s k e t c h ) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT 50 U.S.C. 31 AND 32 AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW. IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF INTELLIGENCE, USAF. UNCLASSIFIED ================================================================
AF FORM 112 - PART II UNCLASSIFIED AIR INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION REPORT ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- COMMENTS of Preparing Officer: [11] 1. In the opinion of the Preparing Officer, this sighting was probably caused by the planet Venus, for the following reasons: a. The planet Venus xxxxxx xxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx b. Although the balloon hypothesis also fits the circumstances of c. Although Source Andrew B. Carver was quite emphatic in his JAMES Q. SMITH [12] ____________________________________________________________________ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE ACT 50 U.S.C. 31 AND 32 AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW. IT MAY NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PART BY OTHER THAN UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AGENCIES, EXCEPT BY PERMISSION OF THE DIRECTOR OF INTELLIGENCE, USAF. UNCLASSIFIED ================================================================ Notes on Special Preparation of AF Form 112 for UFOB Reports [1] All material shown as enclosed within solid lines will be added at Hq 4602d and should not be included by the preparing unit. [2] Preparing units should place their UFOB report designation in the upper half of the box, in order to allow space for a Hq log number. [3] For purposes of UFOB reporting, the "Area Reported On" will be taken to be the location (city and state) of the sighting. [4] "Date of Information" will be the date of the initial sighting of the UFOB by the source treated in Part One. [5] The name of the source treated in Part One will be listed. [6] "References" will include the preliminary report citation, any Hq messages assigning the sighting for investigation, and any applicable previous reports. [7] "Contents" will include the various "Parts" of the Report, in the order in which they are contained in AF Form 112-Part II. the first two or three "Parts" will be assigned to the sources who actually witnessed the sighting and will contain the name , address, occupation and other pertinent data about the source. Following the "Parts" assigned to the sources will be shown the "Parts" assigned for the Supplementary Investigative Efforts and the Comments of the Preparing Officer. [8] The enclosures are listed with the "Parts" to which they belong. If an inclosure is made on a Form 112-Part II, it takes a page number like any other page of the Report; if it cannot be placed on a Form 112-Part II, it does not carry a page number of the report. [9] The "Part" number will be carries in the box for page numbering, just above the page numbers. [10] The "Supplementary Investigative Efforts" section will include a factual account of the results of your contacts with all persons and agencies other than the sources who actually witnessed the sighting. In this section will also be included any opinions about the sighting entertained by any of these other persons or agencies. [11] The "Comments of the Preparing Officer" section will be reserved for the conclusions of the investigator, based upon the evidence uncovered during the entire investigation, and will show particularly the reasoning behind any agreement or disagreement with the opinions of other persons consulted. ================================================================ {Unnumbered page} Notes on Special Preparation of AF Form 112 for UFOB Reports (continued) [12] The signature element of the Preparing Officer comes at the end of the "Comments of the Preparing Officer" section. if this signature element comes close to the bottom of the page, such that there is no room for the "Comments of the Approving Officer" to be added, a blank page, carrying the next page number, will be added to the report at this point. ================================================================ {Unnumbered page} Squadron Guide 200-2 15 March 1955 Possible Sources of Information in Conducting a UFOB Investigation 1. Flight Service Centers (Military) 2. Air Traffic Control Centers (Civil) 3. Military and Civilian Weather Offices 4. Aircraft Control and Warning Units 5. Operations Offices of Commercial and Military Airfields 6. Ground Observer Posts and Filter Centers 7. Pilots and crews of Aircraft in the Vicinity of the Sighting 8. Agencies or persons having knowledge of experimental aircraft or other airborne devices operating in the vicinity 9. Planetariums and Observatories 10. Universities and Research Centers 11. All others who might have seen, or might have knowledge about, the phenomenon 12. U S Air Force and U S Navy Facility Charts For Information as to locations of Airport Facilities) 13. Airman's Guide of the U S Department of Commerce, Civil Aeronautics Administration (for information as to locations of Airport Facilities) ================================================================ PART II IDENTIFICATION CRITERIA GENERAL When a UFO report meets, in large measure, the criteria projected in Part I and a follow-up investigation is instituted, then the interrogator should ask what physical object or objects might have served as the original stimulus for the report. The word "object" here includes optical phenomena such as reflections from clouds, sundogs, etc. Frequently one or perhaps two solutions will be immediately suggested by the nature of the report. The word "solution" cannot be used here in the scientific sense. A solution in UFOB work means that a hypothesis has been arrived at which appears to have the greatest probability of having given rise to the given report. Following is a group of hypotheses or examples which should prove helpful in arriving at solutions. A check should be made to see how many of the items are satisfied by the report and how many are missing. An effort should be made to obtain any missing items as soon as possible. Each typical hypothesis is listed on a separate page. 5 ================================================================ AIRCRAFT 1. Shape: From conventional to circular or elliptical. 2. Size: Pinpoint to actual. 3. Color: Silver to bright yellow (night - black or color of lights). 4. Speed: Generally only angular speeds can be observed. This depends on distance but small objects crossing major portion of the sky in a minute can be ruled out. Aircraft will nor cross a major portion of the sky in less than a minute whereas a meteor certainly will. 5. Formation: Two to twenty. numbers greater than 20 more likely birds than aircraft. 6. Trails: May or may not have (vapor and exhaust). 7. Sound: Zero to loud shrill or low depending on altitude. 8. Course: Steady, straight or gently curving (not erratic - may appear still if approaching head-on). Right angle turns and sudden reversals, changes in altitude ruled out. Note: Although report may indicate erratic course, if other items check, follow-up should proceed on basis of aircraft because of psychological tendencies of excited people to exaggerate course changes. 9. Time In Sight: More than 15 seconds, generally of the order of a minute or two. 10. Lighting conditions: Night or Day. 11. Radar: Should show normal aircraft returns. 6 ================================================================ BALLOONS 1. Shape: Round to cigar or pinpoint 2. Size: Balloons up to a hundred feet will generally appear from pinpoint to size of a pea held at armlength 3. Color: Silver, white or many tints. It may possibly appear dark as when projected against the clouds. 4. Speed: Large scale erratic speed ruled out. In general hovering to slow apparent speed. 5. Formation: Single to cluster. 6. Trails: None. 7. Sound: None. 8. Course: Straight with a gradual ascent, unless falling. 9. Time In Sight: Generally long. Note: Balloon may suddenly burst and disappear. 10. Lighting conditions: Night or day but especially at sunset. 11. Radar: No return except when carrying sonde equipment. 7 ================================================================ METEOR 1. Shape: Round to elongated. 2. Size: Pinpoint to size of moon. 3. Color: Flaming yellow with red, green or blue possible. 4. Speed: Crosses major portion of sky in few seconds except if coming head-on. 5. Formation: Generally single - can break into shower at end of trajectory. Occasionally (but rare) small groups. 6. Trails: At night almost always a luminous train which can persist as long as half an hour (rarely). daytime meteors are much less frequently observed. In daytime, leaves a whitish to dark 7. Sound: None, although occasionally reported (believed psychological). 8. Course: Generally streaking downward, but not necessarily sharply downward. Can on rare occasion give impression of slight rise. 9. Time In Sight: Longest reported about 30 seconds, generally less than 10. Lighting conditions: Day or night. Mostly night. 11. Radar: Return from meteor itself is highly improbable, however, the train left by a meteor, is a good radar reflector. 12. Other: An exceptionally bright meteor is called a fireball. These are rare but extremely spectacular and on occasion have been known to light surroundings to the brightness of daylight. 8 ================================================================ STARS OR PLANETS GENERAL The planets, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn are generally brighter than any star, but they twinkle much less (unless very close to the horizon). Stars twinkle a great deal and when near the horizon can give impression of flashing light in many colors. 1. Shape: Pinpoint - starlike. 2. Size: Never appreciable. 3. Color: Yellow with rainbow variations. 4. Speed: Stars apparent speed carries them from east to west in the course of the night but they are often reported as erratic. The effect is psychological, most people being unable to consider a point as being stationary. Occasionally turbulence in the upper atmosphere can cause a star to appear to jump (rare) but somehow twinkling stars give the impression of movement to many people. Note: Just because the report says the light moves does not rule out the possibility of it being a star unless motion is from one part of the sky to another in relatively short time. 5. Formation: There are no clusters of very bright stars but faint stars are grouped in their familiar constellations. Note: A report of 4 or 5 bright clustering lights would rule out stars. 6. Trails: None. 9 ================================================================ 7. Sound: None. 8. Course: Always describe a 24 hour circle around pole of sky from east to west. 9. Time In Sight: When clear, stars are always visible. most stars rise or set during the course of the night. Stars low in western sky set within an hour or two. Stars in east, always go higher in the sky. 10. Lighting conditions: Night - Twilight. 11. Radar: None. 10 ================================================================ OPTICAL PHENOMENA GENERAL This can cover a multitude of things. Original scanning of the report should be made to attempt to determine whether it more likely describes a material object or an optical illusion. Optical phenomena which have been reported as UFOBs run from reflections on clouds and layers of ice crystals (sundogs) to the many types of mirages. No one set of optical phenomena can be set down as representation for the whole class. There is no limit to the speed of optical phenomena. Reflections can travel from incredible speed, as in the case of a search-beacon on high clouds, to stationary. These cases if well reported will almost always warrant follow-up. Their variety and connection with upper atmospheric conditions make these observations especially valuable scientifically. 1. Shape: Generally round but can be elliptical or linear. 2. Size: Starlike to large luminous glow. 3. Color: Generally yellow. 4. Speed: Stationary to fantastic. 5. Formation: Any. 6. Trails: None. 7. Sound: None. 8. Course: Any. 9. Time In Sight: Any 11 ================================================================ 10. Lighting conditions: Day and night. 11. Radar: No return. In special cases radar response will occasionally have to do with unusual clouds, and meteorological phenomena such as described in Minnaert's book "Light and Color in the Open Air." 12. Other. One of the standard types is the "sundog." In this a large luminous halo is seen around the sun with one to four images of the sun placed along the halo at intervals of 90 degrees. Another report often has to do with a bright planet or even the moon shining through a light overcast. Mirages reflections are said to occur frequently when temperature inversions exist in the atmosphere. If an optical phenomena is suspected, routine check of the meteorological records should be made to establish whether such inversions existed. 12 ================================================================ {Unnumbered page} AIR TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE CENTER ATIAE5 15 FEB 1955 SUBJECT: (Uncl) Evaluation of Unidentified Flying Objects TO: Commander 1. In addition to the policies and procedures already established between the 4602d AISS and the Air Technical Intelligence Center applicable to the Unidentified Flying Object Program, it is felt that the following information will prove useful, particularly in the Evaluation of UFOB cases. 2. In keeping with the purpose of the UFOB Program it is necessary that both the 4602d AISS and the ATIC strive to reach as many case solutions as possible, thereby reducing the percentage of unknowns to a bare minimum. 3. As pointed out in the "UFOB Guide," the word "solution" cannot always be used in the scientific sense when dealing with UFOBs. For this purpose it must more often mean that a given case meets a given hypothesis. . Past experience has shown that most UFOB cases, when sufficient information is contained, will fit to some extent one of the hypotheses contained in the Guide and, therefore, may be considered as solved. 5. By the very nature of UFOB reports, the great majority of cases, upon being analyzed, will present some doubt as to the true identity of the object or phenomenon described. For this reason evaluation criteria have been kept very broad. This has been done in one respect by giving the choice of the use of the words definite, probable or possible before each of the classification types. 6. The Fact that a UFOB sighting reaches ATIC from the 4602d AISS classified as a solved case, which is to be desired, does not preclude the possibility of further investigation or change in the light of any new information which may arise at either point. FOR THE COMMANDER /s/ ================================================================ {Guide Page 9} Squadron Guide 200-2 15 March 1955 PART V RELEASE OF FACTS AFR 200-2 is quite explicit about what facts may or may not be released to the public about UFOB's by the agencies concerned with them. these categories are set forth below: 1. Releasable a. Summaries of evaluated data informing the public on the subject of UFOB's will be released by Headquarters USAF only. b. 4602d AISS personnel may inform news media representatives on UFOB's, in response to local inquiries, when the object is positively identified as a familiar object. When the object is not explainable, only the fact that ATIC will analyze the data is worthy of release. 2. Non-releasable a. The following data should not be revealed: (1) names of principals (2) intercept and investigation procedures (3) classified radar data At the same time, we must remember that it is misinformation in the minds of the public on the subject of UFOB's that Air Force is trying to prevent. If a member of the public wants to release information about a UFOB which he has seen or reported, there is nothing that can be done about it. Every effort will be made, on our part, to dissociate the opinions and statements of the public from the official releases made by members of the Air Force, in accordance with the criteria set forth above. Guide ================================================================ {Guide Page 10} Squadron Guide 200-2 15 March 1955 PART VI COORDINATION WITH AIR TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE CENTER The working relationship set up between ATIC and the 4602d AISS for the handling and processing of UFOB reports is set forth in the letter from Headquarters 4602d to ATIC, dated 23 November 1954, subject: "Report of Visit of ATIC Representatives," and 1st Indorsement thereto from ATIC. That letter is attached hereto. Guide ================================================================ {Unnumbered Blank Page} This page will be removed and replaced Cross reference to the new location ================================================================ {Unnumbered Page 1 of 4} HEADQUARTERS AISOP SUBJECT: Report of Visit of ATIC Representatives TO: Commander 1. On 17 and 18 November 1954, the Commander, 4602d AISS and his staff met with Captain Charles Hardin, ATIC, and Doctor Allen Hynek, USAF Contract Astronomer, for the purpose of discussing ATIC-4602d AISS relationships in the investigation and processing of UFOB reports. During the course of the conference general information was exchanged relative to the UFOB program, procedures were developed relative to the handling of reports and conducting investigations were discussed. 2. The evaluation of all UFOB reports as well as the lines of inquiry of investigations will be governed by the application of certain hypotheses to the data available. In the majority of cases, provided the information concerning the sightings is sufficiently complete, the data will suggest that the sighting was probably some known object or natural phenomena. For example, the data available might suggest to the investigator the hypothesis that the sighting was an aircraft. A check list will then be applied to the data using the hypothesis that the sighting was an aircraft. The check list will contain those items which, in combination, characterize the aircraft from other possible objects or phenomena. For example, if the object was an aircraft, then there should have been noise, there should have been radar observation in certain areas, etc. The application of these check lists will suggest the lines of follow-up investigation in the event the data is insufficient to satisfy the elements of proof necessary to identification. ATIC will furnish the 4602d AISS with the check lists referred to above which will assist in the identification of UFOB's and will cover, for example, aircraft, balloons, astronomical phenomena, guided missiles, etc. In addition a special evaluation of preliminary UFOB reports must be made to determine whether follow-up investigations can reasonably be expected to result in additional reliable and usable data. 3. Evaluation of Preliminary Reports: a. ATIC will furnish the 4602d AISS with "rule of thumb" criteria to be used by the Squadron Headquarters in determining the necessity for ================================================================ {Page 2 of 4} Hq, 4602d AISS, Ent AFB, Colorado Springs Colo. subj: a follow-up, field investigation of a UFOB report. These criteria will cover, among others, the following subjects: (1) Duration of sighting. (2) Number of persons reporting the sighting. (3) Distance from location of sighting to nearest 4602d AISS field unit. (4) reliability of person or persons reporting the sighting. (5) Number of independent sightings reported. (6) The value of obtaining additional information immediately. (7) Existence of physical evidence (photographs, material, hardware). b. It was noted that a single extraordinary circumstance might require follow-up, field investigation even though the general application of the criteria furnished by ATIC indicates that further investigation would probably yield little additional information. c. In general follow-up field investigation of a preliminary UFOB report will not be warranted when the hypothesis suggested by the preliminary report of the incident cannot be tested by the facilities available. 4. Exhaustion of Effort in the Investigation of UFOB's: Effort will be considered as exhaustive when every logical, physical hypothesis suggested by a qualified report of the incident Has been tested by the facilities available. a. Qualified preliminary reports shall be considered to be those which merit further investigation under he criteria set forth I paragraph 3 above. 5. Unsolved cases: A case shall be considered unsolved after every suggested hypothesis has been tested by available facilities and a large percentage of the data in the report does not correlate with the characteristics of known objects or natural phenomena. 2. ================================================================ {Page 3 of 4} Hq, 4602d AISS, Ent AFB, Colorado Springs Colo. subj: 6. The following procedures were agreed upon: a. In case a UFOB sighting is reported initially by non-Air Force sources in letter form to either ATIC or the 4602d AISS, the file card will be made in duplicate by the recipient, and one copy forwarded to the other agency. This card will indicate that the UFOB was reported by letter and will show the action taken. b. ATIC will be forwarded a file card indicating the action taken by the 4602d AISS on preliminary reports transmitted to the 4602d by electrical means. c. The results of follow-up field investigations made by the 4602d AISS and reported on AF Form 112 will, in all cases, be sent to ATIC, DI USAF, and such other agencies as the Commander, 4602d AISS, deems necessary. d. ATIC may require specific information for aid in analyzing a reported UFOB sighting which can be furnished by a field unit of the 4602d AISS. Provided travel is not involved, ATIC may contact the appropriate unit directly. In case ATIC desires detailed investigation or action which would necessitate travel, request will be made by ATIC to the Commander, 4602d AISS. e. File card reflecting action taken or conclusions reached by ATIC on either a preliminary or follow-up UFOB report will be sent to Commander, 4602d AISS under the following circumstances. (1) When conclusions of ATIC relative to identification of the sighting are at variance with those (2) When additional action is initiated by ATIC following the completion of action by the 4602d 7. Exchange of information: As a result of the ATIC experience in the field of investigations of UFOB reports, information of a general interest was discussed during the visit of ATIC representatives and will be furnished to the 4602d AISS on a continuing basis. Examples of such information follow: a. Grid cameras. Information relative to the present distribution of grid cameras and changes in the current distribution. b. Statistics. Consolidation of statistics reflecting trends, 3 ================================================================ {Page 4} Hq, 4602D AISS, Ent AFB, Colorado Springs, Colo. subj: total reports and studies conducted by contract agencies. c. Examples of proper and improper UFOB reporting. d. List of standard replies to letters requesting action or information concerning reported sightings. 8. It is requested that the guides for evaluation of reports referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3 above be furnished at the earliest practicable date. Concurrence or comments relative to the procedures and agreements contained herein are solicited. /s/ ATIAE-5 1st Ind AIR TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE CENTER, Wright-Patterson Air TO: Commander, 4602d AISS (ADC) Ent Air Force 1. The Air Technical Intelligence Center concurs in the agreements and procedures as outlined in basic letter. 2. A "Standard Operating Procedure" is being prepared for use in the unidentified flying object program. This will be furnished to Hq 4602d AISS as a suggested guide. 3. The SOP will include the procedures listed in the basic letter together with guides for evaluation of reports and criteria for determining the necessity for field investigations. FOR THE COMMANDER /s/ 4 ================================================================ {End of Part 6 of CUFON's 4602d AISS UFO Sampler} ================================================================ |
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